How to Fix a Leaky Faucet: A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide
A leaky faucet is a common household problem that, while seemingly minor, can lead to wasted water and increased utility bills if left unresolved. Fixing a leaky faucet is often a simple task that homeowners can handle without professional assistance. This guide provides a detailed, step-by-step approach to identifying the cause of a leaky faucet and how to fix it.
Why Should I Fix a Leaky Faucet?
A leaky faucet can waste gallons of water over time. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a single leaky faucet dripping once per second can waste over 3,000 gallons of water annually【1】. Not only is this wasteful, but it can also increase your water bill significantly.
Types of Faucets
Understanding the type of faucet you have is the first step in fixing a leak. The most common types of faucets include:
- Ceramic Disc Faucet: Featuring a modern design, these faucets use two ceramic discs to control water flow and are typically found in newer homes.
- Compression Faucet: This faucet has separate hot and cold handles that require you to tighten them to stop the flow of water. It uses rubber washers to seal the valve.
- Ball Faucet: Commonly found in kitchen sinks, this faucet has a single handle that controls a rotating ball inside the valve, regulating both temperature and water flow.
- Cartridge Faucet: This faucet can have either one or two handles. The internal cartridge regulates the flow of water.
Tools and Materials You’ll Need
Before starting, gather the necessary tools and materials:
- Bucket or towel (to catch any water spills)
- Adjustable wrench
- Phillips and flathead screwdriver
- Replacement parts (such as washers, O-rings, or cartridges)
- Plumber’s grease
- Teflon tape (optional)
Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply
Before disassembling the faucet, turn off the water supply. This can typically be done by shutting off the valves under the sink. Turn the faucet on after shutting the valves to release any remaining water in the pipes.
Step 2: Identify the Source of the Leak
Once the water is off, identify the source of the leak. For compression faucets, worn-out washers are a common culprit, while cartridge or ball faucets may require replacement of the internal components. Carefully inspect where the water is seeping from—whether it’s at the handle base, spout, or beneath the sink.
Step 3: Disassemble the Faucet
Now that you know which part of the faucet is leaking, it’s time to disassemble it.
- For Ceramic Disc Faucets: Remove the handle and unscrew the ceramic disc cartridge from the faucet body.
- For Compression Faucets: Remove the decorative cap on the handle, unscrew the handle using a screwdriver, and use an adjustable wrench to remove the packing nut. You’ll see the stem, which you can pull out to inspect the washer and O-ring.
- For Ball Faucets: Use an Allen wrench to remove the handle, then unscrew the cap with pliers. Remove the cam, packing, and ball assembly.
- For Cartridge Faucets: Unscrew the handle and use pliers to remove the retaining clip. Pull the cartridge out of the faucet.
Step 4: Replace the Faulty Component
Most leaky faucets are caused by worn-out washers, O-rings, or cartridges.
- Compression Faucets: If the washer is worn or cracked, replace it with a new one. Make sure the replacement washer is the correct size.
- Ball Faucets: Replace the rubber seats and springs. Ball faucets are trickier, so consider getting a repair kit that includes all the necessary components.
- Cartridge Faucets: If the cartridge is damaged, replace it. Make sure to purchase a cartridge that matches your faucet model.
- Ceramic Disc Faucets: If the disc is cracked, it’s best to replace the entire cartridge.
Apply a thin layer of plumber’s grease to the new part to ensure smooth operation.
Step 5: Reassemble the Faucet
Once the faulty part has been replaced, it’s time to reassemble the faucet. Carefully put the parts back in the reverse order of disassembly. Ensure all screws are tightly fastened, but don’t over-tighten, as this could damage the new components.
Step 6: Turn the Water Back On
After reassembling the faucet, turn the water supply back on. Open the faucet slowly to prevent sudden pressure surges, which could damage the new parts. Check for any leaks around the handle, spout, or base. If the faucet is still leaking, you may need to double-check that all components are properly seated and tightened.
Troubleshooting
- If the Faucet Still Leaks: Double-check that you’ve used the correct replacement parts. A mismatch in washer or cartridge sizes can cause further leaking.
- Low Water Pressure: If you notice a drop in water pressure after reassembling, the aerator (the small screen at the faucet’s tip) might be clogged. Unscrew the aerator and clean it to restore water flow.
Preventing Future Leaks
Routine maintenance, such as replacing washers and O-rings periodically, can help prevent future leaks. For ceramic disc faucets, be sure to avoid over-tightening the handles, as this can damage the discs.
- Bucket or towel (to catch any water spills)
- Adjustable wrench
- Phillips and flathead screwdriver
- Replacement parts (such as washers, O-rings, or cartridges)
- Plumber’s grease
- Teflon tape (optional)
Conclusion
Fixing a leaky faucet is a relatively simple task that can save water, reduce utility bills, and prolong the life of your faucet. By following the steps outlined above, you can quickly identify the cause of the leak and repair it using basic tools. If you’re unsure about the replacement parts or encounter more complex issues, it’s always wise to consult a plumber.
Sources
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/watersense/fix-leak-week
- The Spruce – “How to Fix a Leaky Faucet” https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-fix-a-leaky-faucet-1824715
- Bob Vila – “How to Fix a Leaky Faucet” https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-fix-a-leaky-faucet/
- Family Handyman – “How to Fix a Leaky Faucet” https://www.familyhandyman.com/project/how-to-fix-a-leaky-faucet/
